The effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzymes activity in rat brain

  • Syarifah Dewi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
  • Wawan Mulyawan Lakespra Saryanto TNI AU, Jakarta
  • Septelia Inawati Wanandi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-8853
  • Mohamad Sadikin Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-0050
Keywords: Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia, Malondialdehyde, Carbonyl, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase

Abstract

Background: High altitude can cause hypobaric hypoxia (HH), resulted from the lower barometric pressure and hence partial pressure of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to a lot of deleterious molecular and cellular changes, such as generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing of ROS can cause oxidative stress if the antioxidant enzyme does not increase simultaneously. Oxidative damage in brain has toxic effect on cognitive functions.

Objective: In this study, we investigate effect of acute intermittent HH on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in rat brain.

Method: Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting control group and four experimental groups which treated to HH. Rats were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 35.000 feet in hypobaric chamber for 1 minute, repeated once a week.

Results: Level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in rat brain under acute HH increased at HH exposure (group I) compare to control group. These levels decreased afterward at intermittent HH exposure (group II-IV). Specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) shows increasing level at intermittent HH exposure, especially group IV was increasing of SOD level significantly. The increasing pattern of specific activity of catalase was inversely from SOD pattern, but it still has higher activity in intermittent HH compare to control group.

Conclusion: Brain tissue seems to be able to perform an adequate adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia after the training, shown by its significantly decreased MDA and carbonyl level and also increased specific activity of SOD and catalase.

References

Solaini G, Baracca A, Lenaz G, Sgarbi G. Hypoxia and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta - Bioenerg. 2010;1797(6-7):1171-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.011

Maiti P, Singh SB, Sharma AK, Muthuraju S, Banerjee PK, Ilavazhagan G. Hypobaric hypoxia induces oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 2006;49(8):709-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2006.06.002

Bleier L, Dröse S. Superoxide generation by complex III: From mechanistic rationales to functional consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta - Bioenerg. 2013;1827(11-12):1320-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.12.002

Wheaton WW, Chandel NS. Hypoxia. 2. Hypoxia regulates cellular metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011;300(3):C385-93. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2010

Wozniak A, Drewa G, Chesy G, Rakowski A, Rozwodowska M, Olszewska D. Effect of altitude training on the peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in sportsmen. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(7):1109-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200107000-00007

Zhou D, Shao L, Spitz DR. Reactive oxygen species in normal and tumor stem cells. Adv Cancer Res. 2014;122:1-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420117-0.00001-3

Siomek A. NF-κB signaling pathway and free radical impact. Acta Biochim Pol. 2012;59(3):323-31. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2012_2116

Dayem AA, Choi H-Y, Kim J-H, Cho S-G. Role of oxidative stress in stem, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Cancers. 2010;2(2):859-84. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2020859

Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S. Mitochondrial metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrion. 2013;13(2):71-82.

Levine RL, Williams JA, Stadtman EP, Shacter E. Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins. In: Methods in Enzymology. 1994:346-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33040-9

George P. Reaction between catalase and hydrogen peroxide. Nature. 1947;160:41-3. https://doi.org/10.1038/160041a0

Joanny P, Steinberg J, Robach P, Richalet JP, Gortan C, Gardette B, et al. The effect of simulated severe hypobaric hypoxia on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in human blood at rest and after maximal exercise. Resuscitation. 2001;49(3):307-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00373-7

Serrano J, Encinas JM, Salas E, Fernández AP, Castro-Blanco S, Fernández-Vizarra P, et al. Hypobaric hypoxia modifies constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity and protein nitration in the rat cerebellum. Brain Res. 2003;976(1):109-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02691-X

Sethy NK, Singh M, Kumar R, Ilavazhagan G, Bhargava K. Upregulation of transcription factor NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway in rat brain under short-term chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Funct Integr Genomics. 2011;11(1):119-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-010-0195-y

Costa DC, Alva N, Trigueros L, Gamez A, Carbonell T, Rama R. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induces neuroprotection in kainate-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Mol Neurosci. 2013;50(3):402-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9945-8

Published
2018-12-31
How to Cite
Dewi, S., Mulyawan, W., Wanandi, S. I., & Sadikin, M. (2018). The effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzymes activity in rat brain. Acta Biochimica Indonesiana, 1(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.v1i2.16